Understanding RSTP Port States and Port Roles Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP), defined in IEEE 802.1w, is an enhancement of the original Spanning Tree Protocol
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a network protocol designed to prevent loops in Ethernet networks by creating a loop-free topology. It
Subnetting and VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Masking) Subnetting is the process of dividing a large network into smaller, manageable sub-networks called subnets. VLSM allows different
Ethernet Switching Ethernet switching is a fundamental technology used in local area networks (LANs) to forward Ethernet frames from one port to another efficiently. It
OSI vs TCP/IP Models Introduction The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) and TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) models are conceptual frameworks used to standardize and understand
VLAN, DTP, VTP, and Port Types Explained VLANs, DTP, VTP, and Port Types Explained What is a VLAN? A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) is
BPDU Overview and Details Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) Introduction to BPDUs Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) are network messages exchanged between switches to share
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) Detailed Explanation Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) Detailed Explanation How STP Works The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is used in Ethernet networks
STP and RSTP Overview STP and RSTP Overview Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) Standard IEEE 802.1D Convergence Time 30-50 seconds Port States Blocking Listening Learning Forwarding